All Implemented Interfaces:

Closeable, AutoCloseable, Readable

Direct Known Subclasses:

BufferedReader, CharArrayReader, FilterReader, InputStreamReader, PipedReader, StringReader, URLReader
```
public abstract class Reader
extends Object
implements Readable, Closeable
```
Abstract class for reading character streams. The only methods that a subclass must implement are read(char[], int, int) and close(). Most subclasses, however, will override some of the methods defined here in order to provide higher efficiency, additional functionality, or both.

Since:

1.1

See Also:

BufferedReader, LineNumberReader, CharArrayReader, InputStreamReader, FileReader, FilterReader, PushbackReader, PipedReader, StringReader, Writer

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type Field Description

protected Object lock
The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Modifier	Constructor	Description
`protected`	`Reader()`	Creates a new character-stream reader whose critical sections will synchronize on the reader itself.
`protected`	`Reader(Object lock)`	Creates a new character-stream reader whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`abstract void`	`close()`	Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it.
`void`	`mark(int readAheadLimit)`	Marks the present position in the stream.
`boolean`	`markSupported()`	Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation.
`static Reader`	`nullReader()`	Returns a new `Reader` that reads no characters.
`int`	`read()`	Reads a single character.
`int`	`read(char[] cbuf)`	Reads characters into an array.
`abstract int`	`read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)`	Reads characters into a portion of an array.
`int`	`read(CharBuffer target)`	Attempts to read characters into the specified character buffer.
`boolean`	`ready()`	Tells whether this stream is ready to be read.
`void`	`reset()`	Resets the stream.
`long`	`skip(long n)`	Skips characters.
`long`	`transferTo(Writer out)`	Reads all characters from this reader and writes the characters to the given writer in the order that they are read.

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - lock
```
protected Object lock
```
    The object used to synchronize operations on this stream. For efficiency, a character-stream object may use an object other than itself to protect critical sections. A subclass should therefore use the object in this field rather than this or a synchronized method.
- Constructor Detail
  - Reader
```
protected Reader()
```
    Creates a new character-stream reader whose critical sections will synchronize on the reader itself.
  - Reader
```
protected Reader(Object lock)
```
    Creates a new character-stream reader whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.
    
    Parameters:
    
    lock - The Object to synchronize on.
- Method Detail
  - nullReader
```
public static Reader nullReader()
```
    Returns a new Reader that reads no characters. The returned stream is initially open. The stream is closed by calling the close() method. Subsequent calls to close() have no effect.
    While the stream is open, the read(), read(char[]), read(char[], int, int), read(Charbuffer), ready(), skip(long), and transferTo() methods all behave as if end of stream has been reached. After the stream has been closed, these methods all throw IOException.
    The markSupported() method returns false. The mark() and reset() methods throw an IOException.
    The object used to synchronize operations on the returned Reader is not specified.
    
    Returns:
    
    a Reader which reads no characters
    
    Since:
    
    11
  - read
```
public int read(CharBuffer target)
         throws IOException
```
    Attempts to read characters into the specified character buffer. The buffer is used as a repository of characters as-is: the only changes made are the results of a put operation. No flipping or rewinding of the buffer is performed.
    
    Specified by:
    
    read in interface Readable
    
    Parameters:
    
    target - the buffer to read characters into
    
    Returns:
    
    The number of characters added to the buffer, or -1 if this source of characters is at its end
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    NullPointerException - if target is null
    
    ReadOnlyBufferException - if target is a read only buffer
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - read
```
public int read()
         throws IOException
```
    Reads a single character. This method will block until a character is available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of the stream is reached.
    Subclasses that intend to support efficient single-character input should override this method.
    
    Returns:
    
    The character read, as an integer in the range 0 to 65535 (0x00-0xffff), or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If an I/O error occurs
  - read
```
public int read(char[] cbuf)
         throws IOException
```
    Reads characters into an array. This method will block until some input is available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of the stream is reached.
    
    Parameters:
    
    cbuf - Destination buffer
    
    Returns:
    
    The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If an I/O error occurs
  - read
```
public abstract int read(char[] cbuf,
                         int off,
                         int len)
                  throws IOException
```
    Reads characters into a portion of an array. This method will block until some input is available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of the stream is reached.
    
    Parameters:
    
    cbuf - Destination buffer
    
    off - Offset at which to start storing characters
    
    len - Maximum number of characters to read
    
    Returns:
    
    The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If an I/O error occurs
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - If off is negative, or len is negative, or len is greater than cbuf.length - off
  - skip
```
public long skip(long n)
          throws IOException
```
    Skips characters. This method will block until some characters are available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of the stream is reached.
    
    Parameters:
    
    n - The number of characters to skip
    
    Returns:
    
    The number of characters actually skipped
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - If n is negative.
    
    IOException - If an I/O error occurs
  - ready
```
public boolean ready()
              throws IOException
```
    Tells whether this stream is ready to be read.
    
    Returns:
    
    True if the next read() is guaranteed not to block for input, false otherwise. Note that returning false does not guarantee that the next read will block.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If an I/O error occurs
  - markSupported
```
public boolean markSupported()
```
    Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation. The default implementation always returns false. Subclasses should override this method.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if and only if this stream supports the mark operation.
  - mark
```
public void mark(int readAheadLimit)
          throws IOException
```
    Marks the present position in the stream. Subsequent calls to reset() will attempt to reposition the stream to this point. Not all character-input streams support the mark() operation.
    
    Parameters:
    
    readAheadLimit - Limit on the number of characters that may be read while still preserving the mark. After reading this many characters, attempting to reset the stream may fail.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If the stream does not support mark(), or if some other I/O error occurs
  - reset
```
public void reset()
           throws IOException
```
    Resets the stream. If the stream has been marked, then attempt to reposition it at the mark. If the stream has not been marked, then attempt to reset it in some way appropriate to the particular stream, for example by repositioning it to its starting point. Not all character-input streams support the reset() operation, and some support reset() without supporting mark().
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If the stream has not been marked, or if the mark has been invalidated, or if the stream does not support reset(), or if some other I/O error occurs
  - close
```
public abstract void close()
                    throws IOException
```
    Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it. Once the stream has been closed, further read(), ready(), mark(), reset(), or skip() invocations will throw an IOException. Closing a previously closed stream has no effect.
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in interface AutoCloseable
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in interface Closeable
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - If an I/O error occurs
  - transferTo
```
public long transferTo(Writer out)
                throws IOException
```
    Reads all characters from this reader and writes the characters to the given writer in the order that they are read. On return, this reader will be at end of the stream. This method does not close either reader or writer.
    This method may block indefinitely reading from the reader, or writing to the writer. The behavior for the case where the reader and/or writer is asynchronously closed, or the thread interrupted during the transfer, is highly reader and writer specific, and therefore not specified.
    If an I/O error occurs reading from the reader or writing to the writer, then it may do so after some characters have been read or written. Consequently the reader may not be at end of the stream and one, or both, streams may be in an inconsistent state. It is strongly recommended that both streams be promptly closed if an I/O error occurs.
    
    Parameters:
    
    out - the writer, non-null
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of characters transferred
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs when reading or writing
    
    NullPointerException - if out is null
    
    Since:
    
    10

Class Reader

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

lock

Constructor Detail

Reader

Reader

Method Detail

nullReader

read

read

read

read

skip

ready

markSupported

mark

reset

close

transferTo