1. Introduction
NVVM IR is a compiler IR (internal representation) based on the LLVM IR. The NVVM IR is designed to represent GPU compute kernels (for example, CUDA kernels). High-level language front-ends, like the CUDA C compiler front-end, can generate NVVM IR. The NVVM compiler (which is based on LLVM) generates PTX code from NVVM IR.
NVVM IR and NVVM compilers are mostly agnostic about the source language being used. The PTX codegen part of a NVVM compiler needs to know the source language because of the difference in DCI (driver/compiler interface).
NVVM IR is a binary format and is based on a subset of LLVM IR bitcode format. This document uses only human-readable form to describe NVVM IR.
Technically speaking, NVVM IR is LLVM IR with a set of rules, restrictions, and conventions, plus a set of supported intrinsic functions. A program specified in NVVM IR is always a legal LLVM program. A legal LLVM program may not be a legal NVVM program.
There are three levels of support for NVVM IR.
- Supported: The feature is fully supported. Most IR features should fall into this category.
- Accepted and ignored: The NVVM compiler will accept this IR feature, but will ignore the required semantics. This applies to some IR features that do not have meaningful semantics on GPUs and that can be ignored. Calling convention markings are an example.
- Illegal, not supported: The specified semantics is not supported, such as a va_arg function. Future versions of NVVM may either support or accept and ignore IRs that are illegal in the current version.
This document describes version 1.4 of the NVVM IR and version 2.0 of the NVVM debug metadata (see Source Level Debugging Support).
The current NVVM IR is based on LLVM 3.8. For the complete semantics of the IR, readers of this document should check the official LLVM Language Reference Manual (http://llvm.org/releases/3.8.0/docs/LangRef.html). The NVVM IR version 1.2 and the NVVM debug metadata version 2.0 are based on LLVM 3.4. The Language Reference Manual for LLVM 3.4 is at http://llvm.org/releases/3.4/docs/LangRef.html.
Support for the following compute architectures are provided with this release of the NVVM IR specification:
- compute_30
- compute_32
- compute_35
- compute_37
- compute_50
- compute_52
- compute_53
- compute_60
- compute_61
- compute_62
- compute_70
2. Identifiers
The name of a named global identifier must have the form:
@[a-zA-Z$_][a-zA-Z$_0-9]*
Note that it cannot contain the . character.
[@%]llvm.nvvm.* and [@%]nvvm.* are reserved words.
3. High Level Structure
3.1. Linkage Types
Supported:
- private
- internal
- available_externally
- linkonce
- weak
- common
- linkonce_odr
- weak_odr
- external
Not supported:
- linker_private
- linker_private_weak
- appending
- extern_weak
- dllimport
- dllexport
See NVVM ABI for PTX for details on how linkage types are translated to PTX.
3.2. Calling Conventions
All LLVM calling convention markings are accepted and ignored. Functions and calls are generated according to the PTX calling convention.
3.2.1. Rules and Restrictions
- va_arg is not supported.
- When an argument with width less than 32-bit is passed, the zeroext/signext parameter attribute should be set. zeroext will be assumed if not set.
- When a value with width less than 32-bit is returned, the zeroext/signext parameter attribute should be set. zeroext will be assumed if not set.
- Arguments of aggregate or vector types that are passed by value can be passed by pointer with the byval attribute set (referred to as the by-pointer-byval case below). The align attribute must be set if the type requires a non-natural alignment (natural alignment is the alignment inferred for the aggregate type according to the Data Layout section).
- If a function has an argument of aggregate or vector type that is passed by value directly and the type has a non-natural alignment requirement, the alignment must be annotated by the global property annotation <align, alignment>, where alignment is a 32-bit integer whose upper 16 bits represent the argument position (starting from 1) and the lower 16 bits represent the alignment.
- If the return type of a function is an aggregate or a vector that has a non-natural alignment, then the alignment requirement must be annotated by the global property annotation <align, alignment>, where the upper 16 bits is 0, and the lower 16 bits represent the alignment.
- It is not required to annotate a function with <align, alignment> otherwise. If annotated, the alignment must match the natural alignment or the align attribute in the by-pointer-byval case.
-
For an indirect call instruction of a function that
has a non-natural alignment for its return value or one of its arguments that is not
expressed in alignment in the by-pointer-byval case, the call
instruction must have an attached metadata of kind callalign. The
metadata contains a sequence of i32 fields each of which represents
a non-natural alignment requirement. The upper 16 bits of an i32
field represent the argument position (0 for return value, 1 for the first argument,
and so on) and the lower 16 bits represent the alignment. The i32
fields must be sorted in the increasing order.
For example,
%call = call %struct.S %fp1(%struct.S* byval align 8 %arg1p, %struct.S %arg2),!callalign !10 !10 = metadata !{i32 0x0008, i32 0x208}; - It is not required to have an i32 metadata field for the other arguments or the return value otherwise. If presented, the alignment must match the natural alignment or the align attribute in the by-pointer-byval case.
- It is not required to have a callalign metadata attached to a direct call instruction. If attached, the alignment must match the natural alignment or the alignment in the by-pointer-byval case.
- The absence of the metadata in an indirect call instruction means using natural alignment or the align attribute in the by-pointer-byval case.
3.8. Global Variables
A global variable, that is not an intrinsic global variable, may be optionally declared to reside in one of the following address spaces:
- global
- shared
- constant
If no address space is explicitly specified, the global variable is assumed to reside in the global address space with a generic address value. See Address Space for details.
thread_local variables are not supported.
No explicit section (except for the metadata section) is allowed.
Initializations of shared variables are ignored.
3.11. Named Metadata
Accepted and ignored, except for the following:
- !nvvm.annotations: see Global Property Annotation
- !nvvmir.version
- !llvm.dbg.cu
- !llvm.module.flags
- It may consist of two i32 values—the first denotes the
NVVM IR major version number and the second denotes the
minor version number. If absent, the version number is
assumed to be 1.0, which can be specified as:
!nvvmir.version = !{!0} !0 = metadata !{ i32 1, i32 0} - It may consist of four i32 values—the first two denote the
NVVM IR major and minor versions respectively. The third value
denotes the NVVM IR debug metadata major version number, and
the fourth value denotes the corresponding minor version
number. If absent, the version number is assumed to be 1.0,
which can be specified as:
!nvvmir.version = !{!0} !0 = metadata !{ i32 1, i32 0, i32 1, i32 0}
3.12. Parameter Attributes
Fully supported, except the following:
Accepted and ignored:
- inreg
- nest
- nonnull
- dereferenceable(<n>)
- dereferenceable_or_null(<n>)
Not supported:
- inalloca
- align <n>
See Calling Conventions for the use of the attributes.
3.15. Attribute Groups
Fully supported. The set of supported attributes is equal to the set of attributes accepted where the attribute group is used.
3.16. Function Attributes
Supported:
- alwaysinline
- cold
- inlinehint
- minsize
- noduplicate
- noinline
- noreturn
- nounwind
- optnone
- optsize
- readnone
- readonly
Accepted and ignored:
- argmemonly
- inaccessiblememonly
- inaccessiblemem_or_argmemonly
- norecurse
Not Supported:
- alignstack
- builtin
- nonlazybind
- naked
- nobuiltin
- noimplicitfloat
- noredzone
- returns_twice
- sanitize_address
- sanitize_memory
- sanitize_thread
- ssp
- sspreq
- sspstrong
- uwtable
- convergent
- jumptable
- safestack
- "thunk"
3.19. Data Layout
Only the following data layouts are supported,
- 32-bit
e-p:32:32:32-i1:8:8-i8:8:8-i16:16:16-i32:32:32-i64:64:64-f32:32:32-f64:64:64-v16:16:16-v32:32:32-v64:64:64-v128:128:128-n16:32:64
- 64-bit
e-p:64:64:64-i1:8:8-i8:8:8-i16:16:16-i32:32:32-i64:64:64-f32:32:32-f64:64:64-v16:16:16-v32:32:32-v64:64:64-v128:128:128-n16:32:64
3.20. Target Triple
Only the following target triples are supported, where * can be any name:
-
32-bit: nvptx-*-cuda
-
64-bit: nvptx64-*-cuda
3.22. Volatile Memory Access
Fully supported. Note that for code generation: ld.volatile and st.volatile will be generated.
3.23. Memory Model for Concurrent Operations
Not applicable. Threads in an NVVM IR program must use atomic operations or barrier synchronization to communicate.
3.24. Atomic Memory Ordering Constraints
Atomic loads and stores are not supported. Other atomic operations on other than 32-bit or 64-bit operands are not supported.
5. Constants
Fully supported, except for the following:
- Token constants is not supported.
- blockaddress(@function, %block) is not supported.
- For a constant expression that is used as the initializer of a global variable @g1, if the constant expression contains a global identifier @g2, then the constant expression is supported if it can be reduced to the form of bitcast+offset, where offset is an integer number (including 0)
6. Other Values
6.2. Metadata Nodes and Metadata Strings
Fully supported. The distinct keyword is accepted and ignored. The specialized metadata nodes are not supported.
The following metadata are understood by the NVVM compiler:
- Debug information (using LLVM 3.4 debug metadata)
- llvm.loop.unroll.count
- llvm.loop.unroll.disable
- llvm.loop.unroll.full
- pragma unroll
Attached to the branch instruction corresponding to the backedge of a loop.
The kind of the MDNode is pragma. The first operand is a metadata string !"unroll" and the second operand is an i32 value which specifies the unroll factor. For example,
br i1 %cond, label %BR1, label %BR2, !pragma !42 !42 = !{ !"unroll", i32 4} - callalign (see Rules and Restrictions for Calling Conventions)
Module flags metadata (llvm.module.flags) is supported and verified, but the metadata values will be ignored.
All other metadata is accepted and ignored.
7. Intrinsic Global Variables
- The llvm.used global variable is supported.
- The llvm.compiler.used global variable is supported
- The llvm.global_ctors global variable is not supported
- The llvm.global_dtors global variable is not supported
8. Instructions
8.1. Terminator Instructions
Supported:
- ret
- br
- switch
- unreachable
Unsupported:
- indirectbr
- invoke
- resume
- catchswitch
- catchret
- cleanupret
8.6. Memory Access and Addressing Operations
8.6.1. alloca Instruction
The alloca instruction returns a generic pointer to the local address space. The number of elements, if specified, must be a compile-time constant, otherwise it is not supported. The inalloca attribute is not supported.
8.6.5. cmpxchg Instruction
Supported for i32 and i64 types, with the following restrictions:
-
The pointer must be either a global pointer, a shared pointer, or a generic pointer that points to either the global address space or the shared address space.
-
The weak marker and the failure ordering are accepted and ignored.
8.6.6. atomicrmw Instruction
nand is not supported. The other keywords are supported for i32 and i64 types, with the following restrictions.
- The pointer must be either a global pointer, a shared pointer, or a generic pointer that points to either the global address space or the shared address space.
8.7. Conversion Operations
Supported:
- trunc .. to
- zext .. to
- sext .. to
- fptrunc .. to
- fpext .. to
- fptoui .. to
- fptosi .. to
- uitofp .. to
- sitofp .. to
- ptrtoint .. to
- inttoptr .. to
- addrspacecast .. to
- bitcast .. to
See Conversion for a special use case of bitcast.
8.8. Other Operations
Supported:
- icmp
- fcmp
- phi
- select
- call (The musttail and notail markers are not supported. Optional fast math flags are accepted and ignored. See Calling Conventions for other rules and restrictions.)
Unsupported:
- va_arg
- landingpad
- catchpad
- cleanuppad
9. Intrinsic Functions
9.4. Standard C Library Intrinsics
- llvm.memcpy
Supported. Note that the constant address space cannot be used as the destination since it is read-only.
- llvm.memmove
Supported. Note that the constant address space cannot be used since it is read-only.
- llvm.memset
Supported. Note that the constant address space cannot be used since it is read-only.
- llvm.sqrt
Supported for float/double and vector of float/double. Mapped to PTX sqrt.rn.f32 and sqrt.rn.f64.
- llvm.powi
Not supported.
- llvm.sin
Not supported.
- llvm.cos
Not supported.
- llvm.pow
Not supported.
- llvm.exp
Not supported.
- llvm.exp2
Not supported.
- llvm.log
Not supported.
- llvm.log10
Not supported.
- llvm.log2
Not supported.
- llvm.fma
Supported for float/double and vector of float/double. Mapped to PTX fma.rn.f32 and fma.rn.f64
- llvm.fabs
Not supported.
- llvm.copysign
Not supported.
- llvm.floor
Not supported.
- llvm.ceil
Not supported.
- llvm.trunc
Not supported.
- llvm.rint
Not supported.
- llvm.nearbyint
Not supported.
- llvm.round
Not supported.
- llvm.minnum
Not supported.
- llvm.maxnum
Not supported.
9.7. Half Precision Floating Point Intrinsics
Supported: llvm.convert.to.fp16.f32, llvm.convert.from.fp16.f32, and the LLVM 3.4 versions llvm.convert.to.fp16, llvm.convert.from.fp16
9.13. Memory Use Markers
Supported: llvm.lifetime.start, llvm.lifetime.end, llvm.invariant.start, and llvm.invariant.end.
9.14. General Intrinsics
-
llvm.var.annotation
Accepted and ignored.
- llvm.ptr.annotation
Accepted and ignored.
- llvm.annotation
Accepted and ignored.
- llvm.debugtrap
Not supported.
- llvm.stackprotector
Not supported.
- llvm.stackprotectorcheck
Not supported.
- llvm.objectsize
Not supported.
- llvm.expect
Supported.
- llvm.assume
Not supported.
- llvm.bitset.test
Not supported.
- llvm.donothing
Supported.
10. Address Space
10.1. Address Spaces
NVVM IR has a set of predefined memory address spaces, whose semantics are similar to those defined in CUDA C/C++, OpenCL C and PTX. Any address space not listed below is not supported .
Each global variable, that is not an intrinsic global variable, can be declared to reside in a specific non-zero address space, which can only be one of the following: global, shared or constant.
If a non-intrinsic global variable is declared without any address space number or with the address space number 0, then this global variable resides in address space global and the pointer of this global variable holds a generic pointer value.
The predefined NVVM memory spaces are needed for the language front-ends to model the memory spaces in the source languages. For example,
// CUDA C/C++ __constant__ int c; __device__ int g; ; NVVM IR @c = addrspace(4) global i32 0, align 4 @g = addrspace(1) global [2 x i32] zeroinitializer, align 4
Address space numbers 2 and 101 or higher are reserved for NVVM compiler internal use only. No language front-end should generate code that uses these address spaces directly.
10.2. Generic Pointers and Non-Generic Pointers
10.2.1. Generic Pointers vs. Non-generic Pointers
There are generic pointers and non-generic pointers in NVVM IR. A generic pointer is a pointer that may point to memory in any address space. A non-generic pointer points to memory in a specific address space.
In NVVM IR, a generic pointer has a pointer type with the address space generic, while a non-generic pointer has a pointer type with a non-generic address space.
Note that the address space number for the generic address space is 0—the default in both NVVM IR and LLVM IR. The address space number for the code address space is also 0. Function pointers are qualified by address space code (addrspace(0)).
Loads/stores via generic pointers are supported, as well as loads/stores via non-generic pointers. Loads/stores via function pointers are not supported
@a = addrspace(1) global i32 0, align 4 ; 'global' addrspace, @a holds a specific value @b = global i32 0, align 4 ; 'global' addrspace, @b holds a generic value @c = addrspace(4) global i32 0, align 4 ; 'constant' addrspace, @c holds a specific value ... = load i32 addrspace(1)* @a, align 4 ; Correct ... = load i32* @a, align 4 ; Wrong ... = load i32* @b, align 4 ; Correct ... = load i32 addrspace(1)* @b, align 4 ; Wrong ... = load i32 addrspace(4)* @c, align4 ; Correct ... = load i32* @c, align 4 ; Wrong
10.2.2. Conversion
The bit value of a generic pointer that points to a specific object may be different from the bit value of a specific pointer that points to the same object.
The addrspacecast IR instruction should be used to perform pointer casts across address spaces (generic to non-generic or non-generic to generic). Casting a non-generic pointer to a different non-generic pointer is not supported. Casting from a generic to a non-generic pointer is undefined if the generic pointer does not point to an object in the target non-generic address space.
inttoptr and ptrtoint are supported. inttoptr and ptrtoint are value preserving instructions when the two operands are of the same size. In general, using ptrtoint and inttoptr to implement an address space cast is undefined.
The following intrinsics can be used to query if a generic pointer can be safely cast to a specific non-generic address space:
- i1 @llvm.nvvm.isspacep.const(i8*)
- i1 @llvm.nvvm.isspacep.global(i8*)
- i1 @llvm.nvvm.isspacep.local(i8*)
- i1 @llvm.nvvm.isspacep.shared(i8*)
bitcast on pointers is supported, though LLVM IR forbids bitcast from being used to change the address space of a pointer.
10.2.3. No Aliasing between Two Different Specific Address Spaces
Two different specific address spaces do not overlap. NVVM compiler assumes two memory accesses via non-generic pointers that point to different address spaces are not aliased.
10.3. The alloca Instruction
The alloca instruction returns a generic pointer that only points to address space local.
11. Global Property Annotation
11.1. Overview
NVVM uses Named Metadata to annotate IR objects with properties that are otherwise not representable in the IR. The NVVM IR producers can use the Named Metadata to annotate the IR with properties, which the NVVM compiler can process.
11.2. Representation of Properties
For each translation unit (that is, per bitcode file), there is a named metadata called nvvm.annotations.
This named metadata contains a list of MDNodes.
The first operand of each MDNode is an entity that the node is annotating using the remaining operands.
Multiple MDNodes may provide annotations for the same entity, in which case their first operands will be same.
- The property-name operand is MDString, while the value is i32.
- Starting with the operand after the annotated entity, every alternate operand specifies a property.
- The operand after a property is its value.
The following is an example.
!nvvm.annotations = !{!12, !13} !12 = metadata !{void (i32, i32)* @_Z6kernelii, metadata !"kernel", i32 1} !13 = metadata !{void ()* @_Z7kernel2v, metadata !"kernel", i32 1, metadata !"maxntidx", i32 16}
If two bitcode files are being linked and both have a named metadata nvvm.annotations, the linked file will have a single merged named metadata. If both files define properties for the same entity foo , the linked file will have two MDNodes defining properties for foo . It is illegal for the files to have conflicting properties for the same entity.
11.3. Supported Properties
| Property Name | Annotated On | Description |
|---|---|---|
| maxntid{x, y, z} | kernel function | Maximum expected CTA size from any launch. |
| reqntid{x, y, z} | kernel function | Minimum expected CTA size from any launch. |
| minctasm | kernel function | Hint/directive to the compiler/driver, asking it to put at least these many CTAs on an SM. |
| kernel | function | Signifies that this function is a kernel function. |
| align | function | Signifies that the value in low 16-bits of the 32-bit value contains alignment of n th parameter type if its alignment is not the natural alignment. n is specified by high 16-bits of the value. For return type, n is 0. |
| texture | global variable | Signifies that variable is a texture. |
| surface | global variable | Signifies that variable is a surface. |
| managed | global variable | Signifies that variable is a UVM managed variable. |
12. Texture and Surface
12.1. Texture Variable and Surface Variable
A texture or a surface variable can be declared/defined as a global variable of i64 type with annotation texture or surface in the global address space.
A texture or surface variable must have a name, which must follow identifier naming conventions.
12.2. Accessing Texture Memory or Surface Memory
Texture memory and surface memory can be accessed using texture or surface handles. NVVM provides the following intrinsic function to get a texture or surface handle from a texture or surface variable.
delcare i64 %llvm.nvvm.texsurf.handle.p1i64(metadata, i64 addrspace(1)*)
The first argument to the intrinsic is a metadata holding the texture or surface variable. Such a metadata may hold only one texture or one surface variable. The second argument to the intrinsic is the texture or surface variable itself. The intrinsic returns a handle of i64 type.
The returned handle value from the intrinsic call can be used as an operand (with a constraint of l) in a PTX inline asm to access the texture or surface memory.
13. NVVM Specific Intrinsic Functions
13.1. Atomic
Besides the atomic instructions, the following extra atomic intrinsic functions are supported.
declare float @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.add.f32.p0f32(float* address, float val)
declare float @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.add.f32.p1f32(float addrspace(1)* address, float val)
declare float @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.add.f32.p3f32(float addrspace(3)* address, float val)
reads the single precision floating point value old located at the address address, computes old+val, and stores the result back to memory at the same address. These three operations are performed in one atomic transaction. The function returns old.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.inc.32.p0i32(i32* address, i32 val)
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.inc.32.p1i32(i32 addrspace(1)* address, i32 val)
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.inc.32.p3i32(i32 addrspace(3)* address, i32 val)
reads the 32-bit word old located at the address address, computes ((old >= val) ? 0 : (old+1)), and stores the result back to memory at the same address. These three operations are performed in one atomic transaction. The function returns old.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.dec.32.p0i32(i32* address, i32 val)
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.dec.32.p1i32(i32 addrspace(1)* address, i32 val)
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.atomic.load.dec.32.p3i32(i32 addrspace(3)* address, i32 val)
reads the 32-bit word old located at the address address, computes (((old == 0) | (old > val)) ? val : (old-1) ), and stores the result back to memory at the same address. These three operations are performed in one atomic transaction. The function returns old.
13.2. Barrier and Memory Fence
declare void @llvm.nvvm.barrier0()
waits until all threads in the thread block have reached this point and all global and shared memory accesses made by these threads prior to llvm.nvvm.barrier0() are visible to all threads in the block.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.barrier0.popc(i32)
is identical to llvm.nvvm.barrier0() with the additional feature that it evaluates predicate for all threads of the block and returns the number of threads for which predicate evaluates to non-zero.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.barrier0.and(i32)
is identical to llvm.nvvm.barrier0() with the additional feature that it evaluates predicate for all threads of the block and returns non-zero if and only if predicate evaluates to non-zero for all of them.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.barrier0.or(i32)
is identical to llvm.nvvm.barrier0() with the additional feature that it evaluates predicate for all threads of the block and returns non-zero if and only if predicate evaluates to non-zero for any of them.
declare void @llvm.nvvm.membar.cta()
is a memory fence at the thread block level.
declare void @llvm.nvvm.membar.gl()
is a memory fence at the device level.
declare void @llvm.nvvm.membar.sys()
is a memory fence at the system level.
13.3. Address space conversion
The following intrinsic functions are provided to support converting pointers from specific address spaces to the generic address space.
declare i8* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.global.to.gen.p0i8.p1i8(i8 addrspace(1)*)
declare i8* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.shared.to.gen.p0i8.p3i8(i8 addrspace(3)*)
declare i8* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.constant.to.gen.p0i8.p4i8(i8 addrspace(4)*)
declare i8* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.local.to.gen.p0i8.p5i8(i8 addrspace(5)*)
declare i16* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.global.to.gen.p0i16.p1i16(i16 addrspace(1)*)
declare i16* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.shared.to.gen.p0i16.p3i16(i16 addrspace(3)*)
declare i16* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.constant.to.gen.p0i16.p4i16(i16 addrspace(4)*)
declare i16* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.local.to.gen.p0i16.p5i16(i16 addrspace(5)*)
declare i32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.global.to.gen.p0i32.p1i32(i32 addrspace(1)*)
declare i32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.shared.to.gen.p0i32.p3i32(i32 addrspace(3)*)
declare i32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.constant.to.gen.p0i32.p4i32(i32 addrspace(4)*)
declare i32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.local.to.gen.p0i32.p5i32(i32 addrspace(5)*)
declare i64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.global.to.gen.p0i64.p1i64(i64 addrspace(1)*)
declare i64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.shared.to.gen.p0i64.p3i64(i64 addrspace(3)*)
declare i64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.constant.to.gen.p0i64.p4i64(i64 addrspace(4)*)
declare i64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.local.to.gen.p0i64.p5i64(i64 addrspace(5)*)
declare f32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.global.to.gen.p0f32.p1f32(f32 addrspace(1)*)
declare f32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.shared.to.gen.p0f32.p3f32(f32 addrspace(3)*)
declare f32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.constant.to.gen.p0f32.p4f32(f32 addrspace(4)*)
declare f32* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.local.to.gen.p0f32.p5f32(f32 addrspace(5)*)
declare f64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.global.to.gen.p0f64.p1f64(f64 addrspace(1)*)
declare f64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.shared.to.gen.p0f64.p3f64(f64 addrspace(3)*)
declare f64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.constant.to.gen.p0f64.p4f64(f64 addrspace(4)*)
declare f64* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.local.to.gen.p0f64.p5f64(f64 addrspace(5)*)
The following intrinsic functions are provided to support converting pointers from the generic address spaces to specific address spaces.
declare i8 addrspace(1)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.global.p1i8.p0i8(i8*)
declare i8 addrspace(3)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.shared.p3i8.p0i8(i8*)
declare i8 addrspace(4)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.constant.p4i8.p0i8(i8*)
declare i8 addrspace(5)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.local.p5i8.p0i8(i8*)
declare i16 addrspace(1)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.global.p1i16.p0i16(i16*)
declare i16 addrspace(3)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.shared.p3i16.p0i16(i16*)
declare i16 addrspace(4)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.constant.p4i16.p0i16(i16*)
declare i16 addrspace(5)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.local.p5i16.p0i16(i16*)
declare i32 addrspace(1)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.global.p1i32.p0i32(i32*)
declare i32 addrspace(3)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.shared.p3i32.p0i32(i32*)
declare i32 addrspace(4)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.constant.p4i32.p0i32(i32*)
declare i32 addrspace(5)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.local.p5i32.p0i32(i32*)
declare i64 addrspace(1)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.global.p1i64.p0i64(i64*)
declare i64 addrspace(3)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.shared.p3i64.p0i64(i64*)
declare i64 addrspace(4)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.constant.p4i64.p0i64(i64*)
declare i64 addrspace(5)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.local.p5i64.p0i64(i64*)
declare f32 addrspace(1)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.global.p1f32.p0f32(f32*)
declare f32 addrspace(3)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.shared.p3f32.p0f32(f32*)
declare f32 addrspace(4)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.constant.p4f32.p0f32(f32*)
declare f32 addrspace(5)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.local.p5f32.p0f32(f32*)
declare f64 addrspace(1)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.global.p1f64.p0f64(f64*)
declare f64 addrspace(3)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.shared.p3f64.p0f64(f64*)
declare f64 addrspace(4)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.constant.p4f64.p0f64(f64*)
declare f64 addrspace(5)* @llvm.nvvm.ptr.gen.to.local.p5f64.p0f64(f64*)
13.4. Special Registers
The following intrinsic functions are provided to support reading special PTX registers.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.tid.x()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.tid.y()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.tid.z()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.ntid.x()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.ntid.y()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.ntid.z()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.ctaid.x()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.ctaid.y()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.ctaid.z()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.nctaid.x()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.nctaid.y()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.nctaid.z()
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.read.ptx.sreg.warpsize()
13.5. Texture/Surface Access
The following intrinsic function is provided to convert a global texture/surface variable into a texture/surface handle.
declare i64 %llvm.nvvm.texsurf.handle.p1i64(metadata, i64 addrspace(1)*)
See Accessing Texture Memory or Surface Memory for details.
The following IR definitions apply to all intrinsics in this section:
type %float4 = { float, float, float, float }
type %long2 = { i64, i64 }
type %int4 = { i32, i32, i32, i32 }
type %int2 = { i32, i32 }
type %short4 = { i16, i16, i16, i16 }
type %short2 = { i16, i16 }
13.5.1. Texture Reads
Sampling a 1D texture:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.v4f32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x,
float %level)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.grad.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x,
float %dPdx,
float %dPdy)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.v4s32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.grad.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x,
float %dPdx,
float %dPdy)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.v4u32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.grad.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x,
float %dPdx,
float %dPdy)
Sampling a 1D texture array:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.v4f32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, float %x)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x,
float %level)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.grad.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x,
float %dPdx,
float %dPdy)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.v4s32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, float %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.grad.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x,
float %dPdx,
float %dPdy)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.v4u32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, float %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.1d.array.grad.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x,
float %dPdx,
float %dPdy)
Sampling a 2D texture:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.v4f32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %level)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.grad.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %dPdx_x, float %dPdx_y,
float %dPdy_x, float %dPdy_y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.v4s32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.grad.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %dPdx_x, float %dPdx_y,
float %dPdy_x, float %dPdy_y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.v4u32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x i32 %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.grad.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %dPdx_x, float %dPdx_y,
float %dPdy_x, float %dPdy_y)
Sampling a 2D texture array:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.v4f32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %level)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.grad.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %dPdx_x,
float %dPdx_y,
float %dPdy_x,
float %dPdy_y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.v4s32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.grad.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %dPdx_x,
float %dPdx_y,
float %dPdy_x,
float %dPdy_y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.v4u32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x i32 %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.2d.array.grad.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %dPdx_x,
float %dPdx_y,
float %dPdy_x,
float %dPdy_y)
Sampling a 3D texture:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.v4f32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex,float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.grad.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %dPdx_x,
float %dPdx_y, float %dPdx_z,
float %dPdy_x, float %dPdy_y,
float %dPdy_z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.v4s32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.grad.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %dPdx_x,
float %dPdx_y, float %dPdx_z,
float %dPdy_x, float %dPdy_y,
float %dPdy_z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.v4u32.s32(i64 %tex, i32 %x i32 %y, i32 %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.3d.grad.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %dPdx_x,
float %dPdx_y, float %dPdx_z,
float %dPdy_x, float %dPdy_y,
float %dPdy_z)
Sampling a cube texture:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex,float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
Sampling a cube texture array:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.array.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %z)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.array.level.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %z,
float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.array.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, float %x,
float %y, float %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.array.level.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.array.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, float %x,
float %y, float %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tex.unified.cube.array.level.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
float %x, float %y,
float %z, float %level)
Fetching a four-texel bilerp footprint:
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.r.2d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.g.2d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.b.2d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%float4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.a.2d.v4f32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.r.2d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.g.2d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.b.2d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.a.2d.v4s32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.r.2d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.g.2d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.b.2d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.tld4.unified.a.2d.v4u32.f32(i64 %tex, float %x, float %y)
13.5.2. Surface Loads
In the following intrinsics, <clamp> represents the surface clamp mode and can be one of the following: clamp, trap, or zero.
For surface load instructions that operate on 8-bit data channels, the output operands are of type i16. The high-order eight bits are undefined.
Reading a 1D surface:
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
i32 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
i64 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%int2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%long2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x)
Reading a 1D surface array:
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
i32 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
i64 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%int2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%long2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.1d.array.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x)
Reading a 2D surface:
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
i32 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
i64 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%int2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%long2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y)
Reading a 2D surface array:
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x, i32 %y)
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x, i32 %y)
i32 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x, i32 %y)
i64 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%int2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%long2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.2d.array.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y)
Reading a 3D surface:
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
i16 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
i32 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
i64 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%short2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%int2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%long2 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %z)
%short4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %z)
%int4 @llvm.nvvm.suld.3d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %z)
Surface Stores
In the following intrinsics, <clamp> represents the surface clamp mode. It is trap for the formatted stores, and can be one of the following for unformatted stores: clamp, trap, or zero.
For surface store instructions that operate on 8-bit data channels, the input operands are of type i16. The high-order eight bits are ignored.
Writing a 1D surface:
;; Unformatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i64 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i64 %r, i64 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
;; Formatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.1d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.1d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.1d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
Writing a 1D surface array:
;; Unformatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i64 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i64 %r, i64 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.1d.array.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
;; Formatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.1d.array.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.1d.array.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.1d.array.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx, i32 %x,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
Writing a 2D surface:
;; Unformatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i64 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i64 %r, i64 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
;; Formatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.2d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.2d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.2d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
Writing a 2D surface array:
;; Unformatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y, i64 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i64 %r, i64 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.2d.array.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
;; Formatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.2d.array.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.2d.array.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.2d.array.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %idx,
i32 %x, i32 %y,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
Writing a 3D surface:
;; Unformatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z, i16 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z, i64 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v2i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v2i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i16 %r, i16 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v2i64.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i64 %r, i64 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v4i8.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v4i16.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i16 %r, i16 %g, i16 %b, i16 %a)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.b.3d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
;; Formatted
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.3d.i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z, i32 %r)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.3d.v2i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i32 %r, i32 %g)
void @llvm.nvvm.sust.p.3d.v4i32.<clamp>(i64 %tex, i32 %x, i32 %y, i32 %z,
i32 %r, i32 %g, i32 %b, i32 %a)
13.6. Warp-level Operations
13.6.1. Barrier Synchronization
The following intrinsic performs a barrier synchronization among a subset of threads in a warp.
declare void @llvm.nvvm.bar.warp.sync(i32 %membermask)
This intrinsic causes executing thread to wait until all threads corresponding to %membermask have executed the same intrinsic with the same %membermask value before resuming execution.
The argument %membership is a 32bit mask, with each bit corresponding to a lane in the warp. 1 means the thread is in the subset.
The behavior of this intrinsic is undefined if any thread participating in the intrinsic has exited or the executing thread is not in the %membermask.
For compute_62 or below, all threads in %membermask must call the same @llvm.nvvm.bar.warp.sync() in convergence, and only threads belonging to the %membermask can be active when the intrinsic is called. Otherwise, the behavior is undefined.
13.6.2. Data Movement
The following intrinsic synchronizes a subset of threads in a warp and then performs data movement among these threads.
declare {i32, i1} @llvm.nvvm.shfl.sync.i32(i32 %membermask, i32 %mode, i32 %a, i32 %b, i32 %c)
This intrinsic causes executing thread to wait until all threads corresponding to %membermask have executed the same intrinsic with the same %membermask value before reading data from other threads in the same warp.
The argument %membership is a 32bit mask, with each bit corresponding to a lane in the warp. 1 means the thread is in the subset.
Each thread in the currently executing warp will compute a source lane index j based on input arguments %b, %c, and %mode. If the computed source lane index j is in range, the returned i32 value will be the value of %a from lane j; otherwise, it will be the the value of %a from the current thread. If the thread corresponding to lane j is inactive, then the returned i32 value is undefined. The returned i1 value is set to 1 if the source lane j is in range, and otherwise set to 0.
The argument %mode must be a constant and its encoding is specified in the following table.
| Encoding | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 0 | IDX |
| 1 | UP |
| 2 | DOWN |
| 3 | BFLY |
Argument %b specifies a source lane or source lane offset, depending on %mode.
Argument %c contains two packed values specifying a mask for logically splitting warps into sub-segments and an upper bound for clamping the source lane index.
The following pseudo code illustrates the semantics of this intrinsic.
wait until all threads in %membermask have arrived;
%lane[4:0] = current_lane_id; // position of thread in warp
%bval[4:0] = %b[4:0]; // source lane or lane offset (0..31)
%cval[4:0] = %c[4:0]; // clamp value
%mask[4:0] = %c[12:8];
%maxLane = (%lane[4:0] & %mask[4:0]) | (%cval[4:0] & ~%mask[4:0]);
%minLane = (%lane[4:0] & %mask[4:0]);
switch (%mode) {
case UP: %j = %lane - %bval; %pval = (%j >= %maxLane); break;
case DOWN: %j = %lane + %bval; %pval = (%j <= %maxLane); break;
case BFLY: %j = %lane ^ %bval; %pval = (%j <= %maxLane); break;
case IDX: %j = %minLane | (%bval[4:0] & ~%mask[4:0]); %pval = (%j <= %maxLane); break;
}
if (!%pval) %j = %lane; // copy from own lane
if (thread at lane %j is active)
%d = %a from lane %j
else
%d = undef
return {%d, %pval}
Note that the return values are undefined if the thread at the source lane is not in %membermask.
The behavior of this intrinsic is undefined if any thread participating in the intrinsic has exited or the executing thread is not in the %membermask.
For compute_62 or below, all threads in %membermask must call the same @llvm.nvvm.shfl.sync.i32() in convergence, and only threads belonging to the %membermask can be active when the intrinsic is called. Otherwise, the behavior is undefined.
13.6.3. Vote
The following intrinsic synchronizes a subset of threads in a warp and then performs a reduce-and-broadcast of a predicate over all threads in the subset.
declare {i32, i1} @llvm.nvvm.vote.sync(i32 %membermask, i32 %mode, i1 %predicate)
This intrinsic causes executing thread to wait until all threads corresponding to %membermask have executed the same intrinsic with the same %membermask value before performs a reduce-and-broadcast of a predicate over all threads in the subset.
The argument %membership is a 32bit mask, with each bit corresponding to a lane in the warp. 1 means the thread is in the subset.
@llvm.nvvm.vote.sync() performs a reduction of the source %predicate across all threads in %membermask after the synchronization. The return values are the same across all threads in the %membermask.
The argument %mode must be a constant and its encoding is specified in the following table.
| Encoding | Meaning | i1 return value |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | ALL | 1 if the source predicates is 1 for all thread in %membermask`, 0 otherwise |
| 1 | ANY | 1 if the source predicate is 1 for any thread in %membermask`, 0 otherwise |
| 2 | EQ | 1 if the source predicates are the same for all thread in %membermask`, 0 otherwise |
The i32 value represents the ballot data, which contains the %predicate value from each thread in %membermask in the bit posistion corresponding to the thread's land id. The bit value corresponding to a thread not in %membermask is 0.
Note that the return values are undefined if the thread at the source lane is not in %membermask.
The behavior of this intrinsic is undefined if any thread participating in the intrinsic has exited or the executing thread is not in the %membermask.
For compute_62 or below, all threads in %membermask must call the same @llvm.nvvm.vote.sync() in convergence, and only threads belonging to the %membermask can be active when the intrinsic is called. Otherwise, the behavior is undefined.
Match
The following intrinsics synchronize a subset of threads in a warp and then broadcast and compare a value across threads in the subset.
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.match.any.sync.i32(i32 %membermask, i32 %value)
declare i32 @llvm.nvvm.match.any.sync.i64(i32 %membermask, i64 %value)
declare {i32, i1} @llvm.nvvm.match.all.sync.i32(i32 %membermask, i32 %value)
declare {i32, i1} @llvm.nvvm.match.all.sync.i64(i32 %membermask, i64 %value)
These intrinsics cause executing thread to wait until all threads corresponding to %membermask have executed the same intrinsic with the same %membermask value before performing broadcast and compare of operand %value across all threads in the subset.
The argument %membership is a 32bit mask, with each bit corresponding to a lane in the warp. 1 means the thread is in the subset.
The i32 return value is a 32-bit mask where bit position in mask corresponds to thread’s laneid.
In the any version, the i32 return value is set to the mask of active threads in %membermask that have same value as operand %value.
In the all version, if all active threads in %membermask have same value as operand %value, the i32 return value is set to %membermask, and the i1 value is set to 1. Otherwise, the i32 return value is set to 0 and the i1 return value is also set to 0.
The behavior of this intrinsic is undefined if any thread participating in the intrinsic has exited or the executing thread is not in the %membermask.
These intrinsics are only available on compute_70 or higher.
13.6.5. Matrix Operation
THIS IS PREVIEW FEATURE. SUPPORT MAY BE REMOVED IN FUTURE RELEASES.
NVVM provides warp-level intrinsics for matrix multiply operations. The core operation is a matrix multiply and accumulate of the form:
D = A*B + C, or
C = A*B + C
where A is an MxK matrix, B is a KxN matrix, while C and D are MxN matrices. C and D are also called accumulators. The element type of the A and B matrices is 16-bit floating point. The element type of the accumulators can be either 32-bit floating point or 16-bit floating point.
All threads in a warp will collectively hold the contents of each matrix A, B, C and D. Each thread will hold only a fragment of matrix A, a fragment of matrix B, a fragment of matrix C, and a fragment of the result matrix D. How the elements of a matrix are distributed among the fragments is opaque to the user and is different for matrix A, B and the accumulator.
A fragment is represented by a sequence of element values. For fp32 matrices, the element type is float. For fp16 matrices, the element type is i32 (each i32 value holds two fp16 values). The number of elements varies with the shape of the matrix.
13.6.5.1. Load Fragments
The following intrinsics synchronize all threads in a warp and then load a fragment of a matrix for each thread.
; load fragment A
declare {i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.ld.a.p<n>i32(i32 addrspace(<n>)* %ptr, i32 %ldm, i32 %rowcol);
; load fragment B
declare {i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.ld.b.p<n>i32(i32 addrspace(<n>)* %ptr, i32 %ldm, i32 %rowcol);
; load fragment C
declare {float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.ld.c.f32.p<n>f32(float addrspace(<n>)* %ptr, i32 %ldm, i32 %rowcol);
; load fragment C
declare {i32, i32, i32, i32} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.ld.c.f16.p<n>i32(i32 addrspace(<n>)* %ptr, i32 %ldm, i32 %rowcol);
These intrinsics load and return a matrix fragment from memory at location %ptr. The matrix in memory must be in a canonical matrix layout with leading dimension %ldm. %rowcol specifies which the matrix in memory is row-major (0) or column-major (1). %rowcol must be a constant value.
The returned sequence of values represent the fragment held by the calling thread. How the elements of a matrix are distributed among the fragments is opaque to the user and is different for matrix A, B and the accumulator. Therefore, three variants (i.e. ld.a, ld.b, and ld.c) are provided.
These intrinsics are overloaded based on the address spaces. The address space number <n> must be either 0 (generic), 1 (global) or 3 (shared).
The behavior of this intrinsic is undefined if any thread in the warp has exited.
These intrinsics are only available on compute_70 or higher.
13.6.5.2. Store Fragments
The following intrinsics synchronize all threads in a warp and then store a fragment of a matrix for each thread.
; The last 8 arguments are the elements of the C fragment declare void @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.st.c.f32.p<n>float(float addrspace(<n>)* %ptr, i32 %ldm, i32 %rowcol, float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float); ; The last 4 arguments are the elements of the C fragment declare void @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.st.c.f16.p<n>i32(i32 addrspace(<n>)* %ptr, i32 %ldm, i32 %rowcol, i32, i32, i32, i32);
These intrinsics store an accumulator fragment to memory at location %ptr. The matrix in memory must be in a canonical matrix layout with leading dimension %ldm. %rowcol specifies which the matrix in memory is row-major (0) or column-major (1). %rowcol must be a constant value.
These intrinsics are overloaded based on the address spaces. The address space number <n> must be either 0 (generic), 1 (global) or 3 (shared).
The behavior of this intrinsic is undefined if any thread in the warp has exited.
These intrinsics are only available on compute_70 or higher.
13.6.5.3. Matrix Multiply-and-Accumulate
The following intrinsics synchronize all threads in a warp and then perform a matrix multiply-and-accumulate operation.
declare {i32, i32, i32, i32} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.mma.f16.f16(i32 %rowcol, i32 %satf, i32 %a0, i32 %a1, i32 %a2, i32 %a3, i32 %a4, i32 %a5, i32 %a6, i32 %a7, i32 %b0, i32 %b1, i32 %b2, i32 %b3, i32 %b4, i32 %b5, i32 %b6, i32 %b7, i32 %c0, i32 %c1, i32 %c2, i32 %c3);
declare {float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.mma.f32.f16(i32 %rowcol, i32 %satf, i32 %a0, i32 %a1, i32 %a2, i32 %a3, i32 %a4, i32 %a5, i32 %a6, i32 %a7, i32 %b0, i32 %b1, i32 %b2, i32 %b3, i32 %b4, i32 %b5, i32 %b6, i32 %b7, i32 %c0, i32 %c1, i32 %c2, i32 %c3);
declare {float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.mma.f32.f32(i32 %rowcol, i32 %satf, i32 %a0, i32 %a1, i32 %a2, i32 %a3, i32 %a4, i32 %a5, i32 %a6, i32 %a7, i32 %b0, i32 %b1, i32 %b2, i32 %b3, i32 %b4, i32 %b5, i32 %b6, i32 %b7, float %c0, float %c1, float %c2, float %c3, float %c4, float %c5, float %c6, float %c7);
declare {i32, i32, i32, i32} @llvm.nvvm.hmma.m16n16k16.mma.f16.f32(i32 %rowcol, i32 %satf, i32 %a0, i32 %a1, i32 %a2, i32 %a3, i32 %a4, i32 %a5, i32 %a6, i32 %a7, i32 %b0, i32 %b1, i32 %b2, i32 %b3, i32 %b4, i32 %b5, i32 %b6, i32 %b7, float %c0, float %c1, float %c2, float %c3, float %c4, float %c5, float %c6, float %c7);
These intrinsics perform a matrix multiply-and-accumulate operation. %rowcol specifies the layout of A and B fragments. It must be a constant value, which can have the following values and semantics.
| Encoding | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 0 | A fragment is row-major, B fragment is row-major |
| 1 | A fragment is row-major, B fragment is column-major |
| 2 | A fragment is column-major, B fragment is row-major |
| 3 | A fragment is column-major, B fragment is column-major |
%satf must be a constant value of 0 or 1, which specifies whether the following additional numerical properties should be applied on the destination accumulator,
- If an element result is +Infinity, the corresponding accumulator will contain +MAX_NORM
- If an element result is -Infinity, the corresponding accumulator will contain -MAX_NORM
- If an element result is NaN, the corresponding accumulator will contain +0
The behavior of these intrinsics are undefined if any thread in the warp has exited.
These intrinsics are only available on compute_70 or higher.
14. Source Level Debugging Support
To enable source level debugging of an IR module, NVVM IR supports debug intrinsics and debug information descriptors to express the debugging information. Debug information descriptors are represented using metadata. The current NVVM IR debug metadata version is 2.0.
The current NVVM IR debugging support is based on that in LLVM 3.4. For the complete semantics of the IR, readers of this chapter should check the official Source Level Debugging with LLVM Manual (http://llvm.org/releases/3.4/docs/SourceLevelDebugging.html). Additionally, LLVM 3.8 bitcode format is not supported for source level debugging.
- Named metadata node !llvm.dbg.cu
- Module flags metadata for "Debug Info Version" flag: The behavior flag should be Error. The value of the flag should be DEBUG_METADATA_VERSION in LLVM 3.4, which is 1.
- DW_TAG_pointer_type
!5 = metadata !{ i32, ;; Tag = DW_TAG_pointer_type metadata, ;; Source directory (including trailing slash) and ;; file pair (may be null) metadata, ;; Reference to context metadata, ;; Name (may be "" for anonymous types) i32, ;; Line number where defined (may be 0) i64, ;; Size in bits i64, ;; Alignment in bits i64, ;; Offset in bits i32, ;; Flags to encode attributes, e.g. private metadata, ;; Reference to type derived from i32 ;; (optional) numeric value of address space for memory ;; pointed to } - DW_TAG_subrange_type
!42 = metadata !{ i32, ;; Tag = DW_TAG_subrange_type i64, ;; Low value i64, ;; Count of number of elements metadata, ;; (optional) reference to variable holding low value. ;; If present, takes precedence over i64 constant metadata ;; (optional) reference to variable holding count. ;; If present, takes precedence over i64 constant }
!45 = metadata !{
i32, ;; Tag = DW_TAG_module
metadata, ;; Source directory (including trailing slash) and
;; file pair (may be null)
metadata, ;; Reference to context descriptor
metadata, ;; Name
i32 ;; Line number
}
15. NVVM ABI for PTX
15.1. Linkage Types
The following table provides the mapping of NVVM IR linkage types associated with functions and global variables to PTX linker directives .
| LLVM Linkage Type | PTX Linker Directive | |
|---|---|---|
| private, internal | This is the default linkage type and does not require a linker directive. | |
| external | function with definition | .visible |
| global variable with initialization | ||
| function without definition | .extern | |
| global variable without initialization | ||
| common | .common for the global address space, otherwise .weak | |
| available_externally, linkonce, linkonce_odr, weak, weak_odr | .weak | |
| all other linkage types | Not supported. | |
15.2. Parameter Passing and Return
The following table shows the mapping of function argument and return types in NVVM IR to PTX types.
| Source Type | Size in Bits | PTX Type |
|---|---|---|
| Integer types | <= 32 |
.u32 or .b32 (zero-extended if unsigned) .s32 or .b32 (sign-extended if signed) |
| 64 |
.u64 or .b64 (if unsigned) .s64 or .b64 (if signed) |
|
| Pointer types (without byval attribute) | 32 | .u32 or .b32 |
| 64 | .u64 or .b64 | |
| Floating-point types | 32 | .f32 or .b32 |
| 64 | .f64 or .b64 | |
| Aggregate types | Any size |
.align align .b8 name[size] Where align is overall aggregate or vector alignment in bytes, name is variable name associated with aggregate or vector, and size is the aggregate or vector size in bytes. |
| Pointer types to aggregate with byval attribute | 32 or 64 | |
| Vector type | Any size |
A. Revision History
Version 1.0
- Initial Release
Version 1.1
- Added support for UVM managed variables in global property annotation. See Supported Properties.
Version 1.2
- Update to LLVM 3.4 for CUDA 7.0
- Remove address space intrinsics in favor of addrspacecast
- Add information about source level debugging support
Version 1.3
- Add support for LLVM 3.8 for CUDA 8.0
Version 1.4
- Add support for warp-level intrinsics
Notices
Notice
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